“Mahatma Gandhi” (full name Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi) was a central figure in India’s struggle for independence and a global symbol of non-violent resistance.

  “Mahatma Gandhi” (full name Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi) was a central figure in India’s struggle for independence and a global symbol of non-violent resistance.

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Early Life  

  

• Born on 2 October 1869 in Porbandar, a coastal town in present-day Gujarat. (Encyclopedia Britannica)

• He studied law in London (1888-1891). (Encyclopedia Britannica)

• In 1893 he went to South Africa, where he worked against the discrimination faced by Indians living there. This period greatly shaped his ideas of civil rights and non-violent protest. (Encyclopedia Britannica)

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Return to India & Political Activities

• Returned to India in 1915. (Encyclopedia Britannica)

• He rapidly became a leader in the Indian National Congress and steered movements based on Satyagraha (non-violent resistance) and civil disobedience. (Encyclopedia Britannica)

• Some major campaigns:

  • Kheda Satyagraha (1918) in Gujarat: peasants unable to pay taxes because of famine/plague. (Wikipedia)

  • The Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-22) against British rule. (Encyclopedia Britannica)

  • The Salt March or Dandi March (1930): protest against British salt tax laws. (Biography)

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Social Reform & Ideals

• Gandhi worked for social equality, especially fighting against the discrimination of "untouchables" (Dalits). (Encyclopedia Britannica)

• Promoted Swadeshi (use of Indian goods), self-reliance, simple living, rural upliftment. (culture.gov.in)

• Practised fasting, truth (Satya), nonviolence (Ahimsa) in personal life and political strategy. (HISTORY)

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Role in India’s Independence & Later Years

• Led campaigns which pressured the British government, especially in the 1930s and 1940s. (Encyclopedia Britannica)

• Although he advocated Hindu-Muslim unity, the partition of India and Pakistan (1947) was a disappointment to him. (Encyclopedia Britannica)

• After India gained independence (August 15, 1947), he worked to reduce communal violence and foster reconciliation. (Encyclopedia Britannica)

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Assassination and Legacy

• Gandhi was assassinated on 30 January 1948 in New Delhi by Nathuram Godse, a Hindu nationalist who disagreed with Gandhi’s approach. (Wikipedia)

• He is often called the “Father of the Nation” in India. (Encyclopedia Britannica)

• His birthday, 2 October, is observed as Gandhi Jayanti in India, and also designated by the United Nations as the International Day of Non-Violence. (Wikipedia)

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